靜電(dian)除(chu)塵器的(de)工作原理是利用高壓電(dian)場(chang)使煙氣(qi)發生電(dian)離，氣(qi)流中的(de)粉塵荷電(dian)在電(dian)場(chang)作用下與氣(qi)流分離。負極由不同斷面(mian)形狀的(de)金屬(shu)導線制成，叫(jiao)放(fang)電(dian)電(dian)極。

正極(ji)(ji)由(you)不同(tong)幾(ji)何形狀的(de)金屬板制成，叫集(ji)塵(chen)(chen)電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)。靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)除(chu)塵(chen)(chen)器(qi)的(de)性(xing)能(neng)受(shou)粉塵(chen)(chen)性(xing)質、設備(bei)構造和(he)煙氣(qi)流速(su)等三個(ge)因素的(de)影(ying)(ying)響(xiang)(xiang)。粉塵(chen)(chen)的(de)比電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻是評價導電(dian)(dian)(dian)性(xing)的(de)指(zhi)標，它(ta)對除(chu)塵(chen)(chen)效(xiao)率有直接的(de)影(ying)(ying)響(xiang)(xiang)。比電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻過(guo)低，塵(chen)(chen)粒(li)難以保持在(zai)集(ji)塵(chen)(chen)電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)上(shang)，致使其重返氣(qi)流。比電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻過(guo)高，到達集(ji)塵(chen)(chen)電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)的(de)塵(chen)(chen)粒(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)荷不易(yi)放出，在(zai)塵(chen)(chen)層之間形成電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓梯度會(hui)產生局(ju)部擊穿和(he)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)現象。這些情況都會(hui)造成除(chu)塵(chen)(chen)效(xiao)率下降。

工作原理：

電(dian)(dian)除塵(chen)器的(de)(de)基本原理(li)是利用電(dian)(dian)力捕集煙氣(qi)中的(de)(de)粉塵(chen)，主要(yao)包括以下四個相互有關的(de)(de)物理(li)過程：（1）氣(qi)體的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)離(li)。（2）粉塵(chen)的(de)(de)荷(he)電(dian)(dian)。（3）荷(he)電(dian)(dian)粉塵(chen)向電(dian)(dian)極(ji)移動(dong)。（4）荷(he)電(dian)(dian)粉塵(chen)的(de)(de)捕集。

荷(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)粉(fen)(fen)塵(chen)的(de)捕集(ji)過程：在(zai)兩個曲(qu)率半徑相差較(jiao)大的(de)金(jin)屬陽極(ji)和陰極(ji)上，通(tong)過高壓直流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，維持一個足以使(shi)氣體電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)離(li)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場，氣體電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)離(li)后所(suo)產生的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子：陰離(li)子和陽離(li)子，吸附在(zai)通(tong)過電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場的(de)粉(fen)(fen)塵(chen)上，使(shi)粉(fen)(fen)塵(chen)獲得(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)。荷(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)性不同(tong)的(de)粉(fen)(fen)塵(chen)在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場力的(de)作用(yong)下(xia)，分(fen)別向(xiang)不同(tong)極(ji)性的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)運動，沉積在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)上，而達到粉(fen)(fen)塵(chen)和氣體分(fen)離(li)的(de)目的(de)。