靜電除(chu)塵器的(de)工(gong)作(zuo)原理是(shi)利(li)用高壓電場(chang)使煙氣(qi)(qi)發生電離，氣(qi)(qi)流(liu)中的(de)粉塵荷(he)電在電場(chang)作(zuo)用下與氣(qi)(qi)流(liu)分離。負(fu)極(ji)由不同斷(duan)面形(xing)狀的(de)金(jin)屬導線(xian)制成，叫放電電極(ji)。

正極由不同幾何形(xing)狀(zhuang)的(de)金(jin)屬(shu)板制成(cheng)(cheng)，叫集(ji)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極。靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)除(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)器的(de)性能(neng)受粉(fen)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)性質(zhi)、設備構造和(he)煙氣流(liu)速(su)等三個(ge)因素的(de)影(ying)響(xiang)。粉(fen)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)的(de)比電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)是評價(jia)導(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)性的(de)指標(biao)，它對(dui)除(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)效率(lv)有直接的(de)影(ying)響(xiang)。比電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)過低，塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)粒(li)難以保持在集(ji)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極上，致使其重返氣流(liu)。比電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)過高，到達集(ji)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極的(de)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)粒(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷不易放出，在塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)層之間形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓梯度會產生局部(bu)擊穿和(he)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)現象。這些(xie)情(qing)況都會造成(cheng)(cheng)除(chu)塵(chen)(chen)(chen)(chen)效率(lv)下降。

工作原理：

電(dian)除(chu)塵(chen)器(qi)的(de)(de)基本原理是利(li)用電(dian)力捕集煙氣中的(de)(de)粉(fen)(fen)塵(chen)，主(zhu)要包括以下四個相互有關的(de)(de)物理過程(cheng)：（1）氣體(ti)的(de)(de)電(dian)離。（2）粉(fen)(fen)塵(chen)的(de)(de)荷(he)電(dian)。（3）荷(he)電(dian)粉(fen)(fen)塵(chen)向電(dian)極(ji)移(yi)動。（4）荷(he)電(dian)粉(fen)(fen)塵(chen)的(de)(de)捕集。

荷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)粉塵的(de)捕(bu)集過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)：在(zai)兩個(ge)曲(qu)率(lv)半徑相差較大的(de)金屬陽(yang)極(ji)(ji)和(he)陰極(ji)(ji)上(shang)，通過(guo)(guo)高壓直流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，維持一個(ge)足以使(shi)氣(qi)體(ti)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)離(li)(li)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場，氣(qi)體(ti)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)離(li)(li)后所(suo)產生的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子：陰離(li)(li)子和(he)陽(yang)離(li)(li)子，吸附在(zai)通過(guo)(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場的(de)粉塵上(shang)，使(shi)粉塵獲得電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷。荷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)性不同的(de)粉塵在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場力的(de)作(zuo)用下，分別向不同極(ji)(ji)性的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)運動，沉積在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)上(shang)，而達到粉塵和(he)氣(qi)體(ti)分離(li)(li)的(de)目的(de)。