靜電(dian)(dian)除塵器的(de)工作原理是(shi)利用高壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)場(chang)(chang)使煙氣發生電(dian)(dian)離，氣流(liu)中的(de)粉(fen)塵荷電(dian)(dian)在電(dian)(dian)場(chang)(chang)作用下(xia)與氣流(liu)分離。負極由不同斷面形狀的(de)金屬導線制成(cheng)，叫放電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)極。

正極由不同幾何形(xing)狀(zhuang)的(de)金屬板制(zhi)成，叫集塵(chen)電(dian)(dian)(dian)極。靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)除塵(chen)器(qi)的(de)性能受粉(fen)塵(chen)性質、設備構造和煙氣(qi)(qi)流(liu)速(su)等三個(ge)因素的(de)影(ying)響。粉(fen)塵(chen)的(de)比電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻是評(ping)價導(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)性的(de)指標，它對除塵(chen)效率(lv)有直接(jie)的(de)影(ying)響。比電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻過(guo)低，塵(chen)粒難以保持在集塵(chen)電(dian)(dian)(dian)極上，致使其重返(fan)氣(qi)(qi)流(liu)。比電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻過(guo)高，到(dao)達集塵(chen)電(dian)(dian)(dian)極的(de)塵(chen)粒電(dian)(dian)(dian)荷不易放出，在塵(chen)層(ceng)之間形(xing)成電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓梯(ti)度會產生局部擊穿和放電(dian)(dian)(dian)現象。這(zhe)些情況都會造成除塵(chen)效率(lv)下降。

工(gong)作原理：

電(dian)(dian)(dian)除(chu)塵(chen)器的(de)(de)基本原理(li)是利(li)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)力捕集煙(yan)氣(qi)中的(de)(de)粉(fen)(fen)塵(chen)，主要包(bao)括(kuo)以下四個(ge)相(xiang)互(hu)有(you)關(guan)的(de)(de)物理(li)過程：（1）氣(qi)體的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)離。（2）粉(fen)(fen)塵(chen)的(de)(de)荷(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。（3）荷(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)粉(fen)(fen)塵(chen)向(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)極移(yi)動(dong)。（4）荷(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)粉(fen)(fen)塵(chen)的(de)(de)捕集。

荷(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)粉塵(chen)的(de)(de)捕集過(guo)程：在(zai)(zai)兩個(ge)曲率半(ban)徑相差較大(da)的(de)(de)金(jin)屬(shu)陽(yang)極(ji)和陰(yin)極(ji)上，通過(guo)高壓直(zhi)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)，維持一(yi)個(ge)足以使氣(qi)(qi)體(ti)電(dian)(dian)(dian)離的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)(chang)，氣(qi)(qi)體(ti)電(dian)(dian)(dian)離后所產生的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)：陰(yin)離子(zi)和陽(yang)離子(zi)，吸附在(zai)(zai)通過(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)粉塵(chen)上，使粉塵(chen)獲得電(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)。荷(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)性不同(tong)的(de)(de)粉塵(chen)在(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)(chang)力的(de)(de)作用下，分(fen)別向(xiang)不同(tong)極(ji)性的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)運(yun)動，沉積在(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)上，而達到粉塵(chen)和氣(qi)(qi)體(ti)分(fen)離的(de)(de)目的(de)(de)。