靜電(dian)除塵(chen)器的工(gong)作原理是利用(yong)(yong)高壓電(dian)場使煙氣發生電(dian)離，氣流(liu)中的粉塵(chen)荷電(dian)在電(dian)場作用(yong)(yong)下與氣流(liu)分離。負極由不(bu)同斷面形狀(zhuang)的金(jin)屬(shu)導(dao)線制成，叫放電(dian)電(dian)極。

正極(ji)由(you)不同幾何形(xing)狀(zhuang)的(de)金屬板制成，叫集塵(chen)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)。靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)除塵(chen)器的(de)性(xing)能(neng)受粉塵(chen)性(xing)質(zhi)、設備構造和煙(yan)氣流(liu)速(su)等(deng)三個因素的(de)影響(xiang)。粉塵(chen)的(de)比(bi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻是(shi)評價導電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)性(xing)的(de)指標，它(ta)對除塵(chen)效(xiao)率(lv)(lv)有直(zhi)接的(de)影響(xiang)。比(bi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻過(guo)(guo)低，塵(chen)粒(li)難以(yi)保(bao)持在集塵(chen)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)上，致使其重返氣流(liu)。比(bi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻過(guo)(guo)高，到達(da)集塵(chen)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)的(de)塵(chen)粒(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷不易(yi)放出(chu)，在塵(chen)層之間形(xing)成電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)梯度會產生局部(bu)擊穿和放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)現(xian)象。這些情況都會造成除塵(chen)效(xiao)率(lv)(lv)下(xia)降。

工作原理(li)：

電(dian)除塵器的(de)(de)基本(ben)原理是(shi)利用電(dian)力捕集(ji)煙氣(qi)中的(de)(de)粉塵，主要(yao)包括以下四(si)個相互有關的(de)(de)物理過(guo)程：（1）氣(qi)體的(de)(de)電(dian)離。（2）粉塵的(de)(de)荷電(dian)。（3）荷電(dian)粉塵向電(dian)極移動。（4）荷電(dian)粉塵的(de)(de)捕集(ji)。

荷電(dian)(dian)(dian)粉(fen)(fen)塵的(de)捕集過程：在(zai)兩個(ge)曲(qu)率半(ban)徑相(xiang)差較大(da)的(de)金屬陽極和(he)陰(yin)極上(shang)，通過高(gao)壓直流電(dian)(dian)(dian)，維持一個(ge)足以使氣(qi)體電(dian)(dian)(dian)離(li)(li)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)場，氣(qi)體電(dian)(dian)(dian)離(li)(li)后所(suo)產生的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)：陰(yin)離(li)(li)子(zi)和(he)陽離(li)(li)子(zi)，吸附在(zai)通過電(dian)(dian)(dian)場的(de)粉(fen)(fen)塵上(shang)，使粉(fen)(fen)塵獲得電(dian)(dian)(dian)荷。荷電(dian)(dian)(dian)極性(xing)不同(tong)的(de)粉(fen)(fen)塵在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)場力的(de)作用下，分別向(xiang)不同(tong)極性(xing)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)極運動，沉積在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)極上(shang)，而達(da)到粉(fen)(fen)塵和(he)氣(qi)體分離(li)(li)的(de)目的(de)。